[83] Mote以及 Gilbert Rozman,ed.,The Modernization of China (New York:Free Pres,1981)一書的其他撰稿人都認為清朝中央集權化整個說來起了消極作用(見pp.56,63-64,206,483,499-500)。
[84] 樊銳的讀者也許會郸到我在此處把谩族視為“內部的”因素,但在第三章(在我討論“有層次”的殖民地時)又視之為“外部的”因素,似乎谴初不一致。在我看來,兩種觀點都能成立。“內部的”與“外部的”二詞不論從空間或時間上看都只是相對的。從空間上看,當只著眼於東亞時,谩族對中國說是外部的,但如果加任了西方,由於西方是在整個亞洲之外,谩族就成了內部的。從時間上說,在谩族統治中國的初期,他們相對地說是外部的,但隨著時間的推移越來越猖成內部的。
[85] Fischer,Historians’Fallacies:Toward a Logic of Historical Thought (New York:Harper & Row,1970),p.146.[86] Jane Leonard關於魏源新作的值得注意的特质是它把這種內部的取向應用於中國對外關係上,從而使我們得以從全新的角度來理解19世紀四十年代中國對西方威脅的看法。
索引
agriculture,50-51,113,126,127-129,131,140;handicraft industry and,137;reform and,23,35Alcock Convention,28
Alitto,Guy,75,211n65,212n81
Andō Shizumasa,217n54
Annales school,186,221n22
anthropology,ⅹⅷ,ⅹⅹⅵn23,180-181,183,184,185,224n55antiforeignism,lⅳ-lⅴ,41,44-50,51,52,53,54Arrighi,Giovanni,lⅹⅰn18
Asian regional system,ⅹlⅴ-ⅹlⅵ
Association for Asian Studies,215n29,216n48Atwell,William S.,208n34
Backward Toward Revolution(Friedman),83,84,93-94,141,204n58bakumatsu period,37
Baran,Paul,113,114
Barlow,Tani E.,ⅹⅹⅲn2
Bartlett,Beatrice S.,lⅹⅱn25,227n80
Bastid-Bruguiere,Marianne,50-51,52,160,221n19Beasley,W.G.,203n41
Beattie,Hilary J.,168-169,222n34,226n76Beers,Burton F.,10,11,200n5
Belden,Jack,100
A Bend in the River(Naipaul),149
Bendix,Reinhard,210n53,212n85
Benedict,Ruth,213n90
Bergère,Marie-Claire,225n59
Bernhardt,Kathryn,ⅹⅱ
Bettelheim,Bruno,200n8
Between Tradition and Modernity(Cohen),ⅹⅹⅹⅰ-ⅹⅹⅹⅱ,202nn23,33,212nn81,82,220n8Bickers,Robert,lⅹⅴn55
Black,Cyril E.,204n50
Bloch,Marc,185,186
Borei,Dorothy V.,220n7
Boxer uprising,3,9,40,44,48,50-52,160,177,179Boxers,Cohen on,lⅰ,lⅳ,lⅴ-lⅵ
Braudel,Fernand,221n22
Brenner,Robert,lⅹn10
British-American Tobacco Company(BAT),146Brook,Timothy,lⅹn4
Brown,Shannon,117,137-138,139,219n77Buck,John Lossing,129
Buddhism,30,45,66-67,75,175-178
Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars,105bureaucracy,22,26,35,39,46-48,53,66,84,194Burke,Peter,lⅹⅳn42
capitalism:Confucianism and,88;as indicator of change,214n25;Japan and,112,114,115,120;Western impact and,70-71,97,103,107,108,109,111,140










